Saturday, September 27, 2008
Sec 1 answer scheme to excercise 12.1 to 12.6 @ 8:34 AM
Excercise 12.1Q1a:
Natural vegetation=Plants grown naturally and not by man.
Major types=Forest, Grasslands, Deserts
Sub types= Forest-(Tropical rainforest, Temperate deciduous forest, Temperate coniferous forest), Grass land-(temperate, tropical), Deserts-(Hot, cold tundra)
Q1b(i):
Temperature, sunlight and rainfall
Q1b(ii):
Higher rainfall and sunlight lead to greater plant density and higher temperature often leads to greater variety of plants.
Excercise 12.2
Q1a: 50 to 30m-emergent, 30 to 10m-canopy, 10m and below-undergrowth
Q1b: Unable to show you due to copyright issues.
Q1c:
Emergent:
Feature=Tall, up to 40 to 50m in height.
Reason=To bypass the canopy to get more sunlight.
Canopy:
Feature=interlocking crowns
Reason=to block sunlight to the undergrowth
Undergrowth:
Feature=Sparse undergrowth
Reason=little sunlight
Q1d: again copyright problem.
Excercise 12.3
Q2a: Buttress roots, to help support the tall tree.
Q3c: Broad to get sunlight, Drip tip and waxy to remove water from the leaf surface to get more sunlight.
Q6: Little sunlight due to interlocking crowns of the canopy.
Q7: Sparse (little) vegetation, damp ground.
Excercise 12.4
Layer:
3, 3, 1
Leaves:
Tropical=evergreen, drip tip leaves, broad.
Deciduous=colour changes to the seasons, broad, leaves are shed before winter.
Coniferous=evergreen, small, needle like, waxy
Characteristics:
Tropical=close to each other, sparse undergrowth, interlocking crown at canopy and tall emergent trees have buttress roots
Deciduous= new leave in Spring, full crown of leaves in summer, leaves brown in autumn and shed before winter.
Coniferous= one species in a large area, cone shaped, tree branches can bend to get more sunlight or remove snow.
Temperature:
Tropical=20 to 30
Deciduous= -2 to 18
Coniferous= -12 to 10
Rainfall:
Tropical= 1000 to 2000mm
Deciduous= 750 to 1000mm
Coniferous= 300 to 750mm
Places:
Tropical= South East Asia, Brazil
Deciduous= America, Japan
Coniferous= Alaska, Northern Europe
Plants:
Not important
Excercise 12.5
Feature:
Tropical:
few trees, alot of grass, prone to bush fire, experience 7 to 9 months of rainfall and a long dry season.
Temperate:
Few or no trees, tall grasses, windy environment
temperature:
Tropical:
20 to 30
Temperate:
-20 to 10
Rainfall:
Tropical:
200 to 1000
Temperate:
200 to 1000
Excercise 12.6
Q1a:
A-tundra, B-hot desert
Q1b:
A is cold and dry, mostly covered in snow.
B is hot and dry.
Q1c(i):
Q and R
Q1c(ii):
Q is to spread out to look for more water and R is to get groundwater
Q1d:
Long and deep roots to get more water
Small and waxy leaves to reduce water loss
Large swollen trunk to store water
Small plants have short life cycle to reduce water demand and seeds grow only when there is water.