Sunday, May 6, 2007
Exam Tip 4 and final tip @ 6:58 AM
I anm quite tired of you all asking me what chapter to study, It should have been obvious from the chapters I covered, chapter 1 to 13 excluding 7. Focus less on chapter 1, it is not the most important. All classes please take note to collect you test papers and files back from the pigeon hole.
Anyway, let me continue with the rest of the tips for the following chapters, it will be very straightfoward.
Chapter 8:
Know your landforms, like what is a valley, plateau and plain. The difference between hill and moutain.
Know the 3 types of benefits landform can bring about. And how mountains can be a natural barrier and the dangers living on a mountain.
Chapter 9:
The 3 layers of the Earth: Crust, mantle and core.
Understand the crustal movement and what is convection current in the mantle and what it does to the crustal plates.
What is folding process and how fold mountains are created.
What is vulcanicity and volcanic eruption.
Parts of the volcano: magma chamber, pipe, vent, crater. Remember cone is not part of a volcano, it is the volcano.
The 3 types of volcano: active, dormant and extinct.
Chapter 10:
The benefits of living next to a volcano: fertile soil, mining minerals like gold , getting geothermal energy, tourism, cultural and traditional icons and lastly jobs and improve economy (state how they produce jobs and improve the economy)
The dangers: Vulcanic bombs, poisonous ashclouds and lava flow. You know the story behind it all.
Chapter 11:
The difference between weathering (breaking of rocks into smaller parts in situ) and erosion (wearing of rock surface and eroded parts are carried away)
3 types of mechanical weathering: Extreme temperature change (indicate exfoliation), freeze-thaw action and weathering by plants.
Chemical weathering by acid rain, how rainwater and carbon dioxide in the air mixes to form carbonic acid.
Erosion by wind, water and wave. (they all work the same way, all carry sediments like sand and abrade the surface of the rock)
Chapter 12:
Follow my notes. (remember very clearly how each of the 3 rock's crystals are sized, fine, mid and coarse)
Know the uses of granite.
Be able to recognise the 3 types of rocks.
Here are some pictures from UCDavis, University of California to help see better.
Chapter 13:
This is very straightfoward, you should be able to ace this.
Know the earth water distribution in percentage and why it is important to conserve water.
The water cycle: what happens at percipitation, transpiration, condensation, surface runoff and groundwater flow.
Each drainage basin is seperated by a watershed
Parts of the river:
Upper course: (in descending order)
River source (part of the drainage basin)
Tributaries(part of the drainage basin)
Waterfall (find out how they are formed, remember the hard rock comes before the soft rock)
valley
Middle course:
meander (can also be found in the middle-lower course too)
Lower course:
Floodplain
Delta (river mouth, formed by deposition of sediments)
Note that as the river flows down from the mountain, the water will flow slower as the gradient of the land become gentler towards the sea and there is less gravity pull on the water.